QStringConverter Class Reference

\inmodule QtCore More...

#include <qstringconverter_base.h>

Inheritance diagram for QStringConverter:

Collaboration diagram for QStringConverter:

Classes
struct	Interface

Public Types
enum	Encoding {   Utf8 , Utf16 , Utf16LE , Utf16BE ,   Utf32 , Utf32LE , Utf32BE , Latin1 ,   System , LastEncoding = System }
	\value Utf8 Create a converter to or from UTF-8 \value Utf16 Create a converter to or from UTF-16. More...
Public Types inherited from QStringConverterBase
enum class	Flag {   Default = 0 , Stateless = 0x1 , ConvertInvalidToNull = 0x2 , WriteBom = 0x4 ,   ConvertInitialBom = 0x8 , UsesIcu = 0x10 }

Public Member Functions
	QStringConverter (QStringConverter &&)=default
QStringConverter &	operator= (QStringConverter &&)=default
bool	isValid () const noexcept
	Returns true if this is a valid string converter that can be used for encoding or decoding text.
void	resetState () noexcept
	Resets the internal state of the converter, clearing potential errors or partial conversions.
bool	hasError () const noexcept
	Returns true if a conversion could not correctly convert a character.
Q_CORE_EXPORT const char *	name () const noexcept
	Returns the canonical name of the encoding this QStringConverter can encode or decode.

Static Public Member Functions
static Q_CORE_EXPORT std::optional< Encoding >	encodingForName (const char *name) noexcept
	Convert name to the corresponding \l Encoding member, if there is one.
static Q_CORE_EXPORT const char *	nameForEncoding (Encoding e)
	Returns the canonical name for encoding e.
static Q_CORE_EXPORT std::optional< Encoding >	encodingForData (QByteArrayView data, char16_t expectedFirstCharacter=0) noexcept
	Returns the encoding for the content of data if it can be determined.
static Q_CORE_EXPORT std::optional< Encoding >	encodingForHtml (QByteArrayView data)
	Tries to determine the encoding of the HTML in data by looking at leading byte order marks or a charset specifier in the HTML meta tag.

Protected Member Functions
constexpr	QStringConverter () noexcept
constexpr	QStringConverter (Encoding encoding, Flags f)
constexpr	QStringConverter (const Interface *i) noexcept
Q_CORE_EXPORT	QStringConverter (const char *name, Flags f)
	~QStringConverter ()=default
Protected Member Functions inherited from QStringConverterBase
	~QStringConverterBase ()=default

Protected Attributes
const Interface *	iface
State	state

Detailed Description

\inmodule QtCore

The QStringConverter class provides a base class for encoding and decoding text. \reentrant

Qt uses UTF-16 to store, draw and manipulate strings. In many situations you may wish to deal with data that uses a different encoding. Most text data transferred over files and network connections is encoded in UTF-8.

The QStringConverter class is a base class for the \l {QStringEncoder} and \l {QStringDecoder} classes that help with converting between different text encodings. QStringDecoder can decode a string from an encoded representation into UTF-16, the format Qt uses internally. QStringEncoder does the opposite operation, encoding UTF-16 encoded data (usually in the form of a QString) to the requested encoding.

The supported encodings are:

\list

• UTF-8
• UTF-16
• UTF-16BE
• UTF-16LE
• UTF-32
• UTF-32BE
• UTF-32LE
• ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1)
• The system encoding \endlist

\l {QStringConverter}s can be used as follows to convert some encoded string to and from UTF-16.

Suppose you have some string encoded in UTF-8, and want to convert it to a QString. The simple way to do it is to use a \l {QStringDecoder} like this:

QByteArray encodedString = "...";
auto toUtf16 = QStringDecoder(QStringDecoder::Utf8);
QString string = toUtf16(encodedString);

After this, string holds the text in decoded form. Converting a string from Unicode to the local encoding is just as easy using the \l {QStringEncoder} class:

QString string = "...";
auto fromUtf16 = QStringEncoder(QStringEncoder::Utf8);
QByteArray encodedString = fromUtf16(string);

To read or write text files in various encodings, use QTextStream and its \l{QTextStream::setEncoding()}{setEncoding()} function.

Some care must be taken when trying to convert the data in chunks, for example, when receiving it over a network. In such cases it is possible that a multi-byte character will be split over two chunks. At best this might result in the loss of a character and at worst cause the entire conversion to fail.

Both QStringEncoder and QStringDecoder make this easy, by tracking this in an internal state. So simply calling the encoder or decoder again with the next chunk of data will automatically continue encoding or decoding the data correctly:

auto toUtf16 = QStringDecoder(QStringDecoder::Utf8);
 
QString string;
while (new_data_available()) {
    QByteArray chunk = get_new_data();
    string += toUtf16(chunk);
}

The QStringDecoder object maintains state between chunks and therefore works correctly even if a multi-byte character is split between chunks.

QStringConverter objects can't be copied because of their internal state, but can be moved.

See also

QTextStream, QStringDecoder, QStringEncoder

Definition at line 85 of file qstringconverter_base.h.

Member Enumeration Documentation

Encoding

enum QStringConverter::Encoding

\value Utf8 Create a converter to or from UTF-8 \value Utf16 Create a converter to or from UTF-16.

When decoding, the byte order will get automatically detected by a leading byte order mark. If none exists or when encoding, the system byte order will be assumed. \value Utf16BE Create a converter to or from big-endian UTF-16. \value Utf16LE Create a converter to or from little-endian UTF-16. \value Utf32 Create a converter to or from UTF-32. When decoding, the byte order will get automatically detected by a leading byte order mark. If none exists or when encoding, the system byte order will be assumed. \value Utf32BE Create a converter to or from big-endian UTF-32. \value Utf32LE Create a converter to or from little-endian UTF-32. \value Latin1 Create a converter to or from ISO-8859-1 (Latin1). \value System Create a converter to or from the underlying encoding of the operating systems locale. This is always assumed to be UTF-8 for Unix based systems. On Windows, this converts to and from the locale code page. \omitvalue LastEncoding

Enumerator
Utf8
Utf16
Utf16LE
Utf16BE
Utf32
Utf32LE
Utf32BE
Latin1
System
LastEncoding

Definition at line 89 of file qstringconverter_base.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

QStringConverter() [1/5]

constexpr QStringConverter::QStringConverter ( )

inlineconstexprprotectednoexcept

Definition at line 128 of file qstringconverter_base.h.

QStringConverter() [2/5]

constexpr QStringConverter::QStringConverter ( Encoding  encoding, Flags  f  )

inlineexplicitconstexprprotected

Definition at line 131 of file qstringconverter_base.h.

QStringConverter() [3/5]

constexpr QStringConverter::QStringConverter ( const Interface *  i )

inlineexplicitconstexprprotectednoexcept

Definition at line 134 of file qstringconverter_base.h.

QStringConverter() [4/5]

QStringConverter::QStringConverter ( const char *  name, Flags  f  )

explicitprotected

Definition at line 1977 of file qstringconverter.cpp.

References e, encodingForName(), iface, and state.

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~QStringConverter()

QStringConverter::~QStringConverter ( )

protecteddefault

QStringConverter() [5/5]

QStringConverter::QStringConverter ( QStringConverter &&  )

default

Member Function Documentation

encodingForData()

std::optional< QStringConverter::Encoding > QStringConverter::encodingForData ( QByteArrayView  data, char16_t  expectedFirstCharacter = 0  )

staticnoexcept

Returns the encoding for the content of data if it can be determined.

expectedFirstCharacter can be passed as an additional hint to help determine the encoding.

The returned optional is empty, if the encoding is unclear.

Definition at line 2066 of file qstringconverter.cpp.

References QChar::ByteOrderMark, qToBigEndian(), qToLittleEndian(), Utf16BE, Utf16LE, Utf32BE, Utf32LE, Utf8, and utf8bom.

Referenced by QStringDecoder::decoderForHtml(), encodingForHtml(), QTextStreamPrivate::fillReadBuffer(), and QClipboard::text().

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encodingForHtml()

std::optional< QStringConverter::Encoding > QStringConverter::encodingForHtml ( QByteArrayView  data )

static

Tries to determine the encoding of the HTML in data by looking at leading byte order marks or a charset specifier in the HTML meta tag.

If the optional is empty, the encoding specified is not supported by QStringConverter. If no encoding is detected, the method returns Utf8.

See also

QStringDecoder::decoderForHtml()

Definition at line 2151 of file qstringconverter.cpp.

References encodingForData(), encodingForName(), QByteArray::isEmpty(), parseHtmlMetaForEncoding(), and Utf8.

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encodingForName()

std::optional< QStringConverter::Encoding > QStringConverter::encodingForName ( const char *  name )

staticnoexcept

Convert name to the corresponding \l Encoding member, if there is one.

If the name is not the name of a codec listed in the Encoding enumeration, {std::nullopt} is returned. Such a name may, none the less, be accepted by the QStringConverter constructor when Qt is built with ICU, if ICU provides a converter with the given name.

Definition at line 2047 of file qstringconverter.cpp.

References i, Latin1, and nameMatch().

Referenced by QStringConverter(), encodingForHtml(), and QDomDocumentPrivate::saveDocument().

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hasError()

bool QStringConverter::hasError ( ) const

inlinenoexcept

Returns true if a conversion could not correctly convert a character.

This could for example get triggered by an invalid UTF-8 sequence or when a character can't get converted due to limitations in the target encoding.

Definition at line 152 of file qstringconverter_base.h.

References state.

isValid()

bool QStringConverter::isValid ( ) const

inlinenoexcept

Returns true if this is a valid string converter that can be used for encoding or decoding text.

Default constructed string converters or converters constructed with an unsupported name are not valid.

Definition at line 146 of file qstringconverter_base.h.

Referenced by QQuickDragAttachedPrivate::createMimeData(), QTextStreamPrivate::restoreToSavedConverterState(), and QMimeDataPrivate::retrieveTypedData().

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name()

const char * QStringConverter::name ( ) const

noexcept

Returns the canonical name of the encoding this QStringConverter can encode or decode.

Returns a nullptr if the converter is not valid.

See also

isValid()

Definition at line 1990 of file qstringconverter.cpp.

References QStringConverterBase::State::d, QStringConverterBase::State::flags, iface, QStringConverter::Interface::name, state, and QStringConverterBase::UsesIcu.

nameForEncoding()

const char * QStringConverter::nameForEncoding ( QStringConverter::Encoding  e )

static

Returns the canonical name for encoding e.

Definition at line 2194 of file qstringconverter.cpp.

References e, and QStringConverter::Interface::name.

Referenced by QTextStreamPrivate::fillReadBuffer(), and QDomDocumentPrivate::saveDocument().

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operator=()

QStringConverter & QStringConverter::operator= ( QStringConverter &&  )

default

resetState()

void QStringConverter::resetState ( )

inlinenoexcept

Resets the internal state of the converter, clearing potential errors or partial conversions.

Definition at line 148 of file qstringconverter_base.h.

References state.

Referenced by QTextStreamPrivate::restoreToSavedConverterState().

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Member Data Documentation

iface

const Interface* QStringConverter::iface

protected

Definition at line 163 of file qstringconverter_base.h.

Referenced by QStringConverter(), QStringEncoder::appendToBuffer(), QStringDecoder::appendToBuffer(), name(), QStringEncoder::requiredSpace(), and QStringDecoder::requiredSpace().

state

State QStringConverter::state

protected

Definition at line 164 of file qstringconverter_base.h.

Referenced by QStringConverter(), QStringEncoder::appendToBuffer(), QStringDecoder::appendToBuffer(), and name().

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The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

• qtbase/src/corelib/text/qstringconverter_base.h
• qtbase/src/corelib/text/qstringconverter.cpp